Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in Bulldogs: Evaluation of clinical and histopathologic features,progression, and outcome in 71 dogs (2004–2016)

ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize the clinical and histopathological features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in English Bulldogs, American Bulldogs, and Bulldog-type mixed breed dogs and assess affected Bulldogs for a striatin gene mutation previously reported in Boxers with ARVC.AnimalsSeventy-one Bulldogs fit the inclusion criteria. Genetic analysis was performed on five dogs. Cardiac post-mortem evaluations were performed on two dogs.MethodsMedical records from a single veterinary cardiology group (CVCA) were retrospectively evaluated. Tissue and blood samples were submitted for histopathological analysis and genetic testing in select patients.ResultsPresenting complaints included syncope (38%), arrhythmia (81.7%), or murmur (34.2%) documented on examination. On presentation, congestive heart failure (CHF) was diagnosed in 22 (31%) dogs, and 58 (81.7%) had ventricular arrhythmias. On bivariable analyses, the two-dimensional (2D) left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) was the only prognostic variable significantly associated with survival time. Dogs with 2D LA:Ao below the mean (1.41) had longer median survival to all-cause mortality (12 months; 95% confidence interval [CI] six–15 months) than those with 2D LA:Ao above the mean (four months; 95% CI two–six months; p=0.0384). Most dogs (54%) died from cardiac disease, with 42.1% experiencing sudden death. The median time from diagnosis to cardiac death was four months.ConclusionsArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy affects Bulldogs with both arrhythmogenic and dilated-type phenotypes. Despite variable arrhythmia severity and predominantly right-sided involvement in many dogs, an increase in left atrial size was the only significant predictor of mortality in this sample of dogs.     

Soil Quality Indicators in Relation to Land Use and Topography in a Small Catchment on the Loess Plateau of China

Better understanding of how the loess soils respond to topography and land use under catchment‐scale vegetation restoration is needed to enable science‐based land management interventions for the policy‐driven “Grain‐for‐Green” eco‐restoration program in the Loess Plateau of China. The objective of this study was to characterize the relationships of four selected soil quality indicators to land use under vegetation restoration and topography for a small catchment (0·58 km²) in the Loess Plateau. The major land uses established in the catchment are cropland, fallow (i.e., natural revegetation), grassland, and jujube orchard. The four soil quality indicators were soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil total phosphorus (STP), and mean root zone soil water content during the wet season (MRZSWwet). SOC, STN, and MRZSWwet were significantly different (p < 0·05) for different land uses. Grassland showed the highest values for these three properties, whereas cropland had relatively low values for SOC and STN. Land use had no effect on STP, although the lowest value was observed in grassland. Spatial analysis showed that various relations between soil quality indicators and topography (slope and elevation) were observed. These relations were generally weak for most of them, and they varied with land uses. Further analyses indicated that land uses, slope, and elevation had significant effects on the relations between different soil quality indicators. The results here should provide useful information for the further development of “Grain‐for‐Green” program. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小麦灌浆后期青枯骤死原因分析及控制

小麦灌浆后期植株衰老与活性氧自由基毒害和膜脂质过氧化密切相关。灌浆后期株体内活必砼谢平衡失调是青枯发生的主要内因：造成青枯的外因除与“Ｖ”型变温有关外，雨后骤晴的强光与高温协同作用亦是青枯发生的重要外因一。灌浆后期“Ｖ”型变温使麦株各器均受到伤害，尤其穗下茎受到伤害。青枯能否发生取决于植体内酶活力的高低、非酶清除剂含量的多少以及“Ｖ”型变温的强度和持续时间。选择优良品种、适时播种、合理施肥和加强     

‘福山包头’大白菜叶柄黑点病发生特点及抗性分析

以‘福山包头’大白菜为试材,利用田间调查、显微观察和叶片离体培养的方法,对‘福山包头’系列大白菜叶柄黑点病的发生特点及抗性进行了研究,以期为改善‘福山包头’大白菜抗病性及新品种选育提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)大白菜叶柄黑点病主要发生于叶柄表皮细胞且起始于细胞周质或细胞壁,该病可发生于大白菜的整个生育期,且进入包心期后发展较快;(2)氮素能诱导叶柄黑点病的发生,且铵态氮较硝态氮诱导效果更明显;(3)氮素浓度与叶柄黑点病的发病程度呈正相关,但氮素并不是影响叶柄黑点病发生的唯一因素;(4)‘福山包头’系列大白菜种质资源中,‘福东2号’‘福山82’对叶柄黑点病的抗性较强,‘福小87-13-13’‘皱福’的抗性较弱。     

成熟度对‘红地球’葡萄氨基酸营养价值的影响

【目的】探明不同成熟度对‘红地球’葡萄氨基酸营养价值的影响。【方法】以不同成熟度(盛花期后88~123 d)的‘红地球’葡萄为试材,测定果实氨基酸含量。同时,以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白,WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,进行氨基酸营养价值评估。【结果】‘红地球’葡萄至少包含18种氨基酸,包括8种必需氨基酸、2种儿童必需氨基酸。氨基酸含量随着采摘期变化而变化,其中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、儿童必需氨基酸、药用氨基酸、支链氨基酸、增香与着色氨基酸、伯胺基氨基酸、特殊功效氨基酸含量(w,后同)分别为557.3~659.7、1 176.3~1 690.8、326.8~703.8、1 130.0~1 644.1、231.7~285.3、926.1~1 404.8、1 126.0~1 609.0、1 032.9~1 510.7 mg·kg^-1,组间差异显著(p <0.05),在完全成熟期Ⅰ达到峰值;精氨酸、天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸等风味氨基酸含量与其味觉阈值的比值分别介于2.62~6.31、4.50~5.47和4.64~6.09,随着采摘期的延长呈先升后降变化趋势。氨基酸评分、化学评分和氨基酸比值系数分依次为11.33~14.07、18.32~4.43、49.70~57.04。苯丙氨酸等8种氨基酸含量相对不足,赖氨酸和苏氨酸含量相对过剩。【结论】不同成熟度对‘红地球’葡萄氨基酸含量及其营养价值影响显著。     

Heart Rate Variability in Horses Engaged in Equine-Assisted Activities

Although there has been a recent surge in using horses to treat mental and emotional human health issues, the consequences of horse-assisted interventions on the stress response of horses have not been well documented. Assessment of the autonomic nervous system and its regulation of cardiovascular function has been used as an indicator of acute and chronic stress in human beings and horses. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive measurement that has been used to assess autonomic nervous system regulation of cardiovascular function. There is evidence to suggest that several factors including the genotype, behavior, environment, temperament, and nutritional status of the horse play a key role in the large inter-individual variations in basal HRV. The present study determined whether 24-hour HRV recordings in horses currently working in equine-assisted therapy (EAT) differ from those previously shown in Thoroughbred horses. Findings from the present study found that in contrast to previous studies in Thoroughbred horses, diurnal and nocturnal low frequency and high frequency powers were not significantly different in horses that are currently engaged in EAT. Future studies are needed to determine the short- and long-term consequences of horses participating in EAT programs. Findings from this study will provide the basis for the development of a physiological/behavioral assessment criteria to determine the consequences of EAT on the well-being of horses as well as to help EAT Centers to improve the beneficial effects of EAT in human beings.     

盐碱胁迫对两个葡萄品种光合作用-光响应特性的影响

在3种不同盐碱胁迫:低度、中度、重度盐碱胁迫条件下,分析了葡萄品种“克瑞森”和“青提”2 a生叶片的光合作用-光响应特性、叶绿素含量及长势情况.结果表明:“克瑞森”、“青提”光合作用-光响应曲线符合非直角双曲线模型.盐碱胁迫没有降低2个葡萄品种的光合能力,而是增强其光合能力,表观量子效率AQY值的上升表明盐碱胁迫下2个葡萄品种对光的响应敏感性较强,对弱光的利用能力较高.净光合速率(Pn)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、叶绿素含量及长势情况说明“青提”较“克瑞森”具有更强的盐碱适应性能力.同时,2种葡萄在受到盐碱胁迫后其净光合速率的降低不是由于气孔的关闭引起CO2供应不足造成的,而是受强光下光抑制的加强等非气孔限制因素的影响,包括叶肉阻力增大、羧化酶活性和RuBP再生速率降低等.     

微生物叶面肥改善龙冈茌梨果实品质的研究

以10 a生龙冈茌梨为材料,研究了不同浓度的微生物叶面肥在其不同发育时期喷施处理对其外观品质和内在品质的影响.结果表明:微生物叶面肥能显著地提高龙冈茌梨的单果重,减小果皮厚度;但是低浓度处理对其果皮色泽和光洁度、果锈数量以及口感的改善效果不明显,只有在高浓度时才稍有改善.微生物叶面肥能显著提高龙冈茌梨果实的可溶性总糖含量以及可溶性固形物含量,能显著地降低龙冈茌梨果实的可滴定酸含量和石细胞含量,但是对果实硬度的改善并不明显.综合不同浓度微生物叶面肥对龙冈茌梨果实外观品质和内在品质的影响,认为较高浓度有助于提高龙冈茌梨的品质,以1∶600处理的效果最好.     

住区环境植物景观设计探讨

对西安市区典型的几个居住区绿地植物种类及其种植形式进行了调查和分析.结果表明:所调查西安住宅区植物种植设计特色不鲜明,从种植设计特色及植物空间营造2个方面给予了讨论,同时结合一些较好的植物配置模式,提出住区植物配置的一些方法与思路,结合实景植物配置图片,以期对其它住区环境植物种植设计提供借鉴.     

厚皮甜瓜新品种“千玉1号”的选育

厚皮甜瓜新品种“千玉1号”是以优良高代甜瓜自交系HO13为母本和优质父本P74配制而成.该品种全生育期95 d左右,果实发育期28～30 d,果实圆球形,果面洁白透亮,不掉蒂;果肉橙红色,肉厚3.5～4 cm,干腔小,中心可溶性固形物含量16％～18％.单瓜重0.8～1.0 kg,产量4 100 kg/667m2左右.